Definition of system:

System is a word derived from the Greek work “systema” which means an organized relationship among components.

A system may be defined as orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to the plan to achieve a specific goal.

Each component is a part of total system and has to do its own share of word for the system to achieve the desired goal.

Characteristics of system:

1>Organization-It is an arrangement of components that helps to achieve objectives.

2>Interaction-It refers to the procedure in which each component functions with other components of the system.

3>Interdependent-It means that one component of the system depends with other component.

4>Integration-I concerns with how a system ties together. It means that parts of system works together within the system. Even though each part performs a unique function.

5>Central objective-It is quite common that the organization may set one objective and operate to achieve another. The important point is that the users must be aware about the central objective of the system.

Classification of the System:

Systems may be classified as follows

a)Formal or Informal.

b)Physical or Abstract.

c)Open or Closed.

d)manual or Automated.

a) Formal system is one that is planed in advance and is used according to schedule,in this system, policies and procedures are documented well in advance. A real life example is to conduct a scheduled meeting at the end of every month in which agenda of the meeting has already been defined well in advance.

An Informal system is the system that is not described by the procedures. It is not used according to a schedule. It works on as neat basis. For example, sales order processing system through telephone calls.

b) Physical systems are tangible entities, as example, computer system, building systems e.t.e.

Abstract systems are conceptual entities.

c) Open system is a system within its environment it requires input from environment and provides output to the environment. Example, any real life system.

 Closed system is isolated from environment influences. It operates on factors within the system itself. It needed text any input from its environment nor gives any output to the environment.

d) Automated system is a system which doesn’t require any human intervention. In this system the whole process is automatic. Example, Natural system, traffic control system for metropolitan cities.

The system which requires human intervention is called manual system. Example, computer system, railway information system e.t.c.

  Real life business subsystem

A subsystem is a component of a system even though it can also be considered as a system in its own right. Consider a manufacturing farm, it consists of five sub system namely product design, production, sales, delivery and service. In this system, all the subsystems working together to achieve a goal.

  Real time system

A real time system describes an interactive processing system with severe time limitations. A real time system is used when there are rigid time requirements on the flow of data. A real time system is considered to function correctly only if it returns the correct result within imposed time constrains.  There are two types of real time systems,

They are hard real-time system: which guarantees that critical tasks are completed on time.

Soft real time system: which are less restrictive type of real time systems, where a critical real-time tasks gets priority over other tasks and retains the priority until it completes them.




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